連結:美FDA警告 3款安眠藥恐引發嚴重副作用 已造成20死
美國食品藥物管理局( FDA )於 4 月 30 日發布安全聲明,要求 6 款常用處方的安眠藥生產藥廠,在包裝盒、病人使用說明上加註最強烈的警語,警告消費者服用這些安眠藥的副作用。可能包括夢遊、開車時想睡覺等高風險行為,會造成受傷甚至嚴重則死亡。而 FDA 羅列的安眠藥,都含有 eszopiclone(Lunesta)、zaleplon(Sonata)以及 zolpidem(Ambien、Ambien CR、Edluar、Intermezzo和Zolpimist)等成分,含這些成分的安眠藥在台灣皆有上市。
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today announced the agency is requiring a new boxed warning – the agency’s most prominent warning – on certain prescription insomnia drugs to better ensure patients and their health care professionals have the information they need when considering use of these medicines. The boxed warning follows several reports of rare, but serious injuries and deaths resulting from various complex sleep behaviors after taking these medicines. These complex sleep behaviors may include sleepwalking, sleep driving and engaging in other activities while not fully awake, such as unsafely using a stove. The new warnings will be required for eszopiclone (Lunesta), zaleplon (Sonata) and zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Intermezzo, and Zolpimist).
“We recognize that millions of Americans suffer from insomnia and rely on these drugs to help them sleep better at night. While these incidents are rare, they are serious and it’s important that patients and health care professionals are aware of the risk. These incidents can occur after the first dose of these sleep medicines or after a longer period of treatment, and can occur in patients without any history of these behaviors and even at the lowest recommended doses,” said FDA Acting Commissioner Ned Sharpless, M.D. “Today’s action is an important step in our ongoing effort to call more attention to these critical safety issues and serves as an example of our ongoing commitment to ensuring that patients and health care professionals have the information they need to make informed treatment decisions.”
一項藥物要從實驗室走到臨床,再能通過人體試驗而被使用,需經過各式各樣規範逐漸縮窄的試驗。好不容易通過各項審查得以上市之後,並不代表這項藥物就此進入無人的境界。在美國市場上,新藥品仍需經過食品藥物管理局的流行病學調查單位The Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology(OSE),進行藥物上市後的各項安全性評估。若是在這評估期間發現藥物雖有療效,卻還是有一些嚴重的使用問題,可能影響到患者的健康權益(通常是因為發現該藥物可能對患者造成嚴重副作用,甚至有危及生命的風險),那美國食品藥物管理局在評估之後,便可能要求藥廠需在該藥品仿單上增列警示標語。而其中「最嚴重級別」的警示就是「黑盒警示」,標語會有黑色框線給框住,希望吸引用藥人員務必注意其中的相關風險及資訊。
當一項藥物被發出「黑盒警示」,並不代表這項藥物就絕對不該被開立或使用。「黑盒警示」的發出,是美國食品藥物管理局根據該藥物的臨床數據,或是收到數起嚴重副作用事件的用藥回報,評估過嚴重性及風險之後做出的決定。但這並不代表這項藥物被「禁止使用」,而比較偏向告知開藥醫師及病人這項藥物可能具有的風險,讓醫師能夠依據安全性(Safety)、耐受性(Tolerability)、有效(Effectiveness)、價格(Price)、簡單投與(Simplicity),也就是俗稱「STEPS」的藥物處方考量原則,以專業判斷是否開立該項藥物。