三總研究：白藜蘆醇（Resveratrol）可降低「搖頭丸」對腦部傷害

連結：白藜蘆醇不只能抗癌 研究：可防搖頭丸傷腦

連結：三總毒品防治新發現　白藜蘆醇可降低搖頭丸毒性

紅酒、堅果中含有一種名為「白藜蘆醇（Resveratrol）」的物質，具抗癌、抗老化效果。三總最新研究發現，白藜蘆醇可降低搖頭丸毒性，降低對腦部傷害，未來可望研發成保健食品及藥品。

三軍總醫院臨床藥學部藥學研究組組長施睿琥醫師，在「白藜蘆醇於毒品搖頭丸防治新契機」醫療研究中指出，研究團隊利用正子造影技術，首次發現白藜蘆醇可通過大鼠血腦障壁進入腦區與血清素神經元之血清素轉運體結合，減少搖頭丸被血清素轉運體攝入神經元內之機會，能夠藉此大幅降低後續引發之神經毒性，甚至可預防搖頭丸戒斷後所產生之憂鬱症狀，是全球首次新發現，研究成果已經發表在多個知名國際期刊。

三總臨床藥學部藥學研究組組長施睿琥表示，過去科學家發現歐洲人罹患心血管疾病的風險比其他國家更低，認為可能和他們飲用葡萄酒的習慣有關。

搖頭丸是強力的中樞神經興奮劑，服用後會和血清素轉運體結合，產生愉悅感、社交友好感，但停藥後恐出現憂鬱、焦慮症狀，長期使用毒素恐深入腦部，導致心律不整、高血壓、低血鈉、腎臟衰竭，甚至死亡。

研究發現，白藜蘆醇也能和血清素轉運體結合，減少搖頭丸對腦部的傷害，同時還能減少服用搖頭丸後導致的憂鬱症狀，是全球首次新發現，研究成果已經發表在多個知名國際期刊。

連結：Evaluation of brain SERT occupancy by resveratrol against MDMA-induced neurobiological and behavioral changes in rats: A 4-[¹⁸F]-ADAM/small-animal PET study

連結：Effects of dextromethorphan on MDMA-induced serotonergic aberration in the brains of non-human primates using [¹²³I]-ADAM/SPECT

The misuse of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has drawn a growing concern worldwide for its psychophysiological impacts on humans. MDMA abusers are often accompanied by long-term serotonergic neurotoxicity, which is associated with reduced density of cerebral serotonin transporters (SERT) and depressive disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that has been known for its antidepressant and neuroprotective effects. However, biological targets of RSV as well as its neuroprotective effects against MDMA remained largely unknown. In this study, we examined binding potency of RSV and MDMA to SERT using small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) with the SERT radioligand, N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[¹⁸F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[¹⁸F]-ADAM) and investigated the protection of RSV against the acute and long-term adverse effects of MDMA. We found that RSV exhibit binding potentials to SERT in vivo in a dose-dependent manner with variation among brain regions. When the MDMA-treated rats (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were co-injected with RSV (20 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 4 consecutive days, MDMA-induced acute elevation in plasma corticosterone was significantly reduced. Further, 4-[¹⁸F]-ADAM PET imaging revealed that RSV protected against the MDMA-induced decrease in SERT availability in the midbrain and the thalamus 2 weeks following the co-treatment. The PET data were comparable to the observation from the forced swim test that RSV sufficiently ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors of the MDMA-treated rats. Together, these findings suggest that RSV is a potential antidepressant and may confer protection against neurobiological and behavioral changes induced by MDMA.

小編評：白藜蘆醇（Resveratrol）在健康食品與化妝品上挺常見的耶。